Reading more and more about this “mad trader” from France’s Societe Generale bank, makes me think of the Abbott & Costello routine: Who’s On First. Really, this is an unbelievable story with the chief executive of the bank calling the culprit of these trades “a terrorist.” That should give you a bit of pause.
As the story goes, the fictitious trading started in 2005. Since then there were several instances where alarms went off, but the trader, Jerome Kerviel, was able to produce sufficient evidence to calm the auditors. What’s interesting is really what he was doing. In the world of finance, he played in a game difficult for most of us to understand. They call it arbitrage. So, arbitrageur, Kerviel, was responsible for buying one type of stock index futures while at the same time selling a similar mix of indexed futures with a slightly different value as a hedge against possible losses. The concept is telling. Betting that a set of futures will go up or down is considered so risky that it’s someone’s job to “hedge” by buying other similar futures that will hopefully act the opposite as markets move. Wow. Complicated. But, don’t worry your money is safe because if the bet is wrong there is an offsetting bet to protect you against a big loss.
So, the game of arbitrage, when played correctly, leads to small profits from very large trades. Ah, but if you’re sure that one set of futures will go up. I’m mean if you are totally, completely sure, then you can make so much more money by not making the “hedge” trade. (Because that position will for sure go down, right?) It’s not arbitrage anymore, but this is what Kerviel was doing. He started small making bets that he was right. And when he was, he made big money for the bank. Way bigger than he could make if he performed his job as defined. Visions of sugarplums were replaced by glory in the eyes of his fellow traders, his bosses, and huge bonuses to reward his brilliance.
Societe Generale’s head of asset management was quoted in this NY Times article as stating that Mr. Kerviel was “massive in money” by the end of December. But, then the European markets turned down in January and his losses mounted. Couldn’t we change the names and the description of the game and call this Las Vegas? Or, how about change the name to Citibank and the game sub-prime mortgages. Ah, where mortals should not dabble.
The money quote: “He bet on the return of the markets that were extremely low and he imagined that there would be a return of the markets just as large as the losses. There is an addiction. There is a dependency on this complicated game of betting on the markets, and there is a sort of spiral into which it is difficult to exit.” This from the french prosecutor.
Alas, my parting thoughts. When it’s over, the US will be blamed for this. Afterall, it was the US economic woes that sent the European markets into a tailspin earlier this month - just at the very moment bank management paniced and sold all of Mr. Kerviel’s positions. What a movie this will make. Or, has it already been made. Anyone remember the line, “Greed is good?” Or how about the book Bonfire of the Vanities.